1 Selelekela
Lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane tse bonolo tsa foam haholo-holo li kenyelletsa li-block, tse tsoelang pele, seponche, foam e phahameng ea ho tiea (HR), foam ea letlalo, foam e liehang ho mamella, foam ea microcellular le foam e thata e monyang matla.Mofuta ona oa foam o ntse o etsa karolo ea 50% ea kakaretso ea sehlahisoa sa polyurethane.Mofuta o moholo o nang le ts'ebeliso e ntseng e hola, o kentse letsoho mafapheng a fapaneng a moruo oa naha: lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, likoloi, ntlafatso ea matlo, thepa ea ka tlung, literene, likepe, sefofane le likarolo tse ling tse ngata.Ho tloha ho qaleha ha foam e bonolo ea PU lilemong tsa bo-1950, haholo-holo ka mor'a ho kena lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, ho bile le ho tlōla tekhenoloji, mefuta-futa le tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa.Lintlha-khōlō ke: Foam e bonolo ea PU, e leng sehlahisoa se tala sa polyurethane;boleng bo tlase ba VOC PU foam e bonolo;tlase atomization PU bonolo foam;metsi a tletseng PU foam e bonolo;e tletseng MDI letoto le bonolo foam;lelakabe la retardant, mosi o tlase, Foam e felletseng ea MDI;mefuta e mecha ea li-additives tse kang li-catalysts tse phahameng tsa boima ba limolek'hule, li-stabilizers, li-flame retardants le li-antioxidants;li-polyols tse nang le li-unsaturation tse tlaase le tse nang le joala bo tlaase;Foam e bonolo ea PU e tlase haholo e nang le thepa e ntle ea 'mele;maqhubu a tlase a resonance, foam e tlase ea phetisetso ea PU;polycarbonate diol, polye-caprolactone polyol, polybutadiene diol, polytetrahydrofuran le polyols tse ling tse khethehileng;mokelikeli CO2 foaming thekenoloji, khatello e mpe ho foaming theknoloji, joalo-joalo.Ka bokhutšoane, ho hlaha ha mefuta e mecha le mahlale a macha ho khothalelitse nts'etsopele ea PU e bonolo ea foam.
2 Molao-motheo o phophomang makweba
Bakeng sa ho kopanya foam e bonolo ea PU e fihlelang litlhoko, hoa hlokahala ho utloisisa molao-motheo oa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale ea sistimi ea foam ho khetha lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong le tse thusang tse tala le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso.Tsoelo-pele ea indasteri ea polyurethane ho fihlela letsatsing lena ha e sa le sethaleng sa ho etsisa, empa ho ea ka litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela, e ka finyelloa ka sebopeho sa thepa e tala le mekhoa ea maiketsetso.Foam ea polyurethane e kenya letsoho liphetohong tsa lik'hemik'hale nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya, 'me lintlha tse amang thepa ea sebopeho sa foam li rarahane, tse sa ameng feela karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale pakeng tsa isocyanate, polyether (ester) joala le metsi, empa hape e kenyelletsa k'hemistri ea colloid ea foam. .Liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale li kenyelletsa katoloso ea ketane, ho foaming le ho hokahanya.E boetse e ama sebopeho, ts'ebetso le boima ba limolek'hule tsa lintho tse kenyang letsoho karabelong.Karabelo e akaretsang ea ho qaptjoa ha foam ea polyurethane e ka hlalosoa ka mokhoa o latelang:
9b0722b7780190d3928a2b8aa99b1224.jpg
Leha ho le joalo, boemo ba sebele bo rarahane le ho feta, 'me likarabo tsa bohlokoa li akaretsoa ka tsela e latelang:
01 Katoloso ea ketane
Multifunctional isocyanates le polyether (ester) alcohols, haholo-holo metsoako e sa sebetseng, katoloso ea ketane e etsoa ka tsela e latelang:
07b0ec2de026c48dd018efaa5ccde5c1.jpg
Ka tsamaiso ea foaming, palo ea isocyanate ka kakaretso e kholo ho feta ea motsoako o sebetsang oa hydrogen-containing, ke hore, index ea karabelo e kholo ho feta 1, hangata 1.05, kahoo qetello ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se atolositsoeng ka ketane ts'ebetsong ea ho foam. e lokela ho ba sehlopha sa isocyanate
5ed385eebd04757bda026fcfb4da4961.jpg
Katoloso ea ketane ke karabelo e kholo ea PU foam, 'me ke senotlolo sa thepa ea' mele: matla a mochini, sekhahla sa kholo, elasticity, jj.
02 Boitšoaro ba ho phophoma
Foaming ke ea bohlokoa haholo ho lokiseng li-foam tse bonolo, haholo-holo ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tse fokolang haholo.Ho na le litlamorao tse peli tse akaretsang: ts'ebeliso ea mocheso oa karabelo ho etsa hore metsoako ea hydrocarbon e belang e tlase e be mouoane, joalo ka HCFC-141b, HFC-134a, HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, joalo-joalo, ho fihlela sepheo sa ho phophoma, 'me e' ngoe ke ho e sebelisa. metsi le isocyanate.Karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e hlahisa bongata ba khase ea CO2 e phophomang:
04d3b707849aaf9b1ee6f1b8d19c1ce7.jpg
Ha ho se na catalyst, sekhahla sa karabelo ea metsi ka isocyanate se ea lieha.Sekhahla sa karabelo ea li-amine le isocyanate se potlakile haholo.Ka lebaka lena, ha metsi a sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa foaming, a tlisa palo e kholo ea likarolo tse thata le metsoako ea urea e nang le polarity e phahameng, e amang maikutlo, ho tiea le ho hanyetsa mocheso oa lihlahisoa tsa foam.Ho hlahisa foam e nang le thepa e babatsehang ea 'mele le boima bo tlaase, ho hlokahala ho eketsa boima ba molek'hule ea joala ea polyether (ester) le bonolo ba ketane e kholo.
03 Ketso ea gel
Karabelo ea gel e boetse e bitsoa cross-linking and curing reaction.Ha ho etsoa foaming, gelation e bohlokoa haholo.Gelation e sa le pele haholo kapa e se e le morao haholo e tla etsa hore boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa foam bo theohe kapa bo fetohe lihlahisoa tsa litšila.Boemo bo nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa ke hore katoloso ea ketane, karabelo e phophomang le karabelo ea gel e fihla tekano, ho seng joalo letsoalo la foam le tla ba holimo haholo kapa foam e tla putlama.
Ho na le liketso tse tharo tsa gelling nakong ea ts'ebetso ea foam:
1) Li-gel tsa metsoako e mengata e sebetsang
Ka kakaretso, metsoako e nang le ts'ebetso e fetang tse tharo e ka sebetsa ho theha metsoako ea sebopeho sa 'mele.Re sebelisa polyether polyols tse nang le ts'ebetso e fetang tse tharo tlhahisong ea li-foam tse bonolo tsa polyurethane.Haufinyane tjena, li-polyisocyanate tse nang le fn ≥ 2.5 li boetse li sebelisoa ho nts'etsopele ea mekhoa eohle ea MDI ho ntlafatsa matla a ho jara liforomo tse tlaase.Tsena ke motheo oa ho theoa ha meaho ea mekhahlelo e meraro:
42a37c3572152ae1f6c386b7bd177bf8.jpg
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore boima ba limolek'hule pakeng tsa lintlha tse kopanyang sefapano ka ho toba bo bonahatsa boima ba li-cross-link tsa foam.Ka mantsoe a mang, "crosslinking density" e kholo, boima ba sehlahisoa bo phahame, 'me matla a mochine a molemo, empa ho bonolo ha foam ho fokola,' me ho tiea le ho lelefatsa ho tlaase.Boima ba limolek'hule (Mc) pakeng tsa lintlha tse kopanyang tsa foam e bonolo ke 2000-2500, 'me foam e thata e pakeng tsa 700-2500.
2) Ho thehoa ha urea
Ha metsi a sebelisoa e le ntho e phophomang, metsoako e tsamaisanang ea urea e hlahisoa.Ha metsi a ntse a eketseha, ho na le litlamo tse ngata tsa urea.Ba tla tsoela pele ho arabela ka isocyanate e feteletseng ka mocheso o phahameng ho theha metsoako ea biuret bond ka sebopeho sa mekhahlelo e meraro:
896b42df0d91543a61d1e68f91c1d829.jpg
3) Ho thehoa ha allophanate Mofuta o mong oa karabelo e kopanyang sefapano ke hore hydrogen e ka har'a ketane e kholo ea urethane e tsoela pele ho arabela ka isocyanate e feteletseng mocheso o phahameng ho theha maqhama a allophanate ka sebopeho sa mekhahlelo e meraro:
4a6fdae7620ef5333bd14c6973a26a37.jpg
Sebopeho sa metsoako ea biuret le metsoako ea allophanate ha se e loketseng bakeng sa mekhoa ea ho phophoma hobane metsoako ena e 'meli e na le botsitso bo fokolang ba mocheso' me e bola ha mocheso o le holimo.Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo hore batho ba laole mocheso le index ea isocyanate tlhahisong
3 Lipalo tsa lik'hemik'hale
Polyurethane synthetic material ke polymer synthetic material e ka kopanyang lihlahisoa tsa polymer ho tloha lihlahisoa tse tala ka mohato o le mong, ke ho re, thepa ea 'mele ea lihlahisoa e ka fetoloa ka ho toba ka ho fetola litlhaloso le likarolo tsa sebopeho sa lihlahisoa tse tala.Ka hona, mokhoa oa ho sebelisa ka nepo molao-motheo oa motsoako oa polymer le ho theha mokhoa o bonolo oa lipalo ke oa bohlokoa haholo ho ntlafatsa boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane.
01 Boleng bo lekanang
Ho thoeng ke boleng bo lekanang (E) bo bolela boima ba molek'hule (Mn) bo tsamaellanang le ts'ebetso ea yuniti (f) molek'hule e kopaneng;
2a931ca68a4ace0f036e02a38adee698.jpg
Mohlala, palo ea boima ba molek'hule ea polyether triol ke 3000, ebe boleng ba eona bo lekanang:
e3295f1d515f5af4631209f7b49e1328.jpg
Moemeli oa li-cross-linking tse sebelisoang hangata MOCA, e leng 4,4'-methylene bis (2 chloroamine), e na le boima bo lekanang ba molek'hule ea 267. Le hoja ho na le li-hydrogen tse sebetsang tsa 4 ka molek'hule, ke 2 feela ea hydrogens e kenyang letsoho karabelong ea isocyanate.athomo, kahoo ts'ebetso ea eona f=2
0618093a7188b53e5015fb4233ccdc9.jpg
Litaelong tsa sehlahisoa sa polyether kapa polyester polyol, k'hamphani ka 'ngoe e fana ka data ea hydroxyl value (OH), kahoo ho molemo ho bala boleng bo lekanang le boleng ba hydroxyl ka kotloloho:
8a7763766e4db49fece768a325b29a61.jpg
Ho bohlokoa ho hopotsa hore tekanyo ea 'nete ea ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa e nka nako e ngata, mme ho na le maikutlo a mangata a lehlakoreng.Hangata, ts'ebetso ea 'nete ea triol polyether (ester) ha e lekane le 3, empa e pakeng tsa 2.7 le 2.8.Ka hona, ho kgothaletswa ho sebelisa (2) formula, ke hore, boleng ba hydroxyl le bona bo baloa!
02 Tlhokahalo ea isocyanate
Metsoako eohle e sebetsang ea hydrogen e ka sebetsana le isocyanate.Ho latela molao-motheo oa karabelo e ts'oanang, ke tloaelo ho PU synthesis ho bala ka nepo palo ea isocyanate e sebelisoang ke karolo ka 'ngoe ka foromo:
a63972fdc4f16025842815cb1d008cfe.jpg
Ka foromo: Ws - palo ea isocyanate
Wp - tekanyo ea polyether kapa polyester
Ep - polyether kapa polyester e lekanang
Es-Isocyanate e lekanang
Karolelano ea molar ea I2—NCO/-OH, ke hore, index ea karabelo
ρS - bohloeki ba isocyanate
Joalokaha bohle re tseba, ha u kopanya prepolymer kapa semi-prepolymer ka boleng bo itseng ba NCO, palo ea isocyanate e hlokahalang e amana le palo ea sebele ea polyether le NCO e hlokoang ke prepolymer ea ho qetela.Ka mor'a ho akaretsa:
83456fb6214840b23296d5ff084c4ab8.jpg
Ka foromo: D--karolo e kholo ea sehlopha sa NCO ho prepolymer
42—— Boleng bo lekanang ba NCO
Mekhoeng ea kajeno ea li-MDI tsa tsamaiso, limolek'hule tse phahameng tsa polyether-modified MDI hangata li sebelisoa ho kopanya li-semi-prepolymers, 'me NCO% ea eona e pakeng tsa 25 le 29%, kahoo foromo (4) e molemo haholo.
Mokhoa oa ho bala boima ba limolek'hule pakeng tsa lintlha tse amanang le li-cross-link density e boetse e khothaletsoa, e leng molemo haholo ha ho etsoa metsoako.Ebang ke elastomer kapa foam e matla haholo, elasticity ea eona e amana ka kotloloho le palo ea sehokelo se hokahanyang:
b9fd1ca1ee9bebc558731d065ac3254b.jpg
Ka foromo: Mnc——palo-karolelano ea boima ba molek’hule lipakeng tsa lintlha tse kopanyang
Mohl——Boleng bo lekanang ba ntho e kopanyang
Wg——Palo ea sehokelo se kopanyang
WV - palo ea prepolymer
Likahare tsa D——NCO
4 lisebelisoa tse tala
Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa polyurethane li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e meraro: metsoako ea polyol, metsoako ea polyisocyanate le li-additives.Har'a tsona, polyols le polyisocyanates ke lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane, 'me li-agent tse thusang ke metsoako e tlatsetsang thepa e khethehileng ea lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane.
Lik'hemik'hale tsohle tse nang le lihlopha tsa hydroxyl ka sebopeho sa metsoako ea lintho tse phelang ke tsa metsoako ea organic polyol.Har'a tsona, liforomo tse peli tse sebelisoang haholo tsa polyurethane ke polyether polyols le polyester polyols.
motsoako oa polyol
Polyether ea polyol
Ke motsoako oa oligomeric o nang le boima ba limolek'hule tse 1000 ~ 7000, tse thehiloeng ho lisebelisoa tse tala tsa indasteri ea petrochemical: propylene oxide le ethylene oxide, 'me metsoako e' meli le e meraro e sebetsang e nang le hydrogen e sebelisoa e le li-initiators, 'me e etsoa catalyzed. polymerized by KOH..
Ka kakaretso, boima ba molek'hule ea polyether e bonolo ea foam polyol e maemong a 1500 ~ 3000, 'me boleng ba hydroxyl bo pakeng tsa 56 ~ 110mgKOH/g.Boima ba molek'hule ba polyether polyol e matla haholo bo pakeng tsa 4500 le 8000, 'me boleng ba hydroxyl bo pakeng tsa 21 le 36 mgKOH/g.
Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore mefuta e mengata e meholo ea polyether polyols e sa tsoa etsoa lilemong tsa morao tjena e molemo haholo ho ntlafatsa thepa ea 'mele ea polyurethane flexible foam le ho fokotsa bongata.
l Polymer-grafted polyether polyol (POP), e ka ntlafatsang matla a ho jara moroalo oa foam e bonolo ea PU, ho fokotsa sekhahla, ho eketsa tekanyo ea ho bula, le ho thibela ho fokotseha.Tekanyetso e boetse e eketseha letsatsi le letsatsi.
l Polyurea polyether polyol (PHD): Mosebetsi oa polyether o tšoana le polymer polyether polyol, e ka ntlafatsang ho thatafala, ho jara bokhoni, le ho khothalletsa ho buloa ha lihlahisoa tsa foam.Ho hanyetsa lelakabe hoa eketseha, 'me foam ea letoto la MDI e itima ka boeona' me e sebelisoa haholo Europe.l Polymer polymer polyether polyol ea Combustion-grade: Ke naetrojene e nang le monko o monate oa hydrocarbon polymer e kentsoeng polyether polyol, e ke keng ea ntlafatsa feela ho jara, lisele tse bulehileng, boima le litšobotsi tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tsa foam, empa hape li etsa hore li-cushions tsa setulo sa PU li kopane. ho tsoa ho eona.E na le ts'oaetso e phahameng ea lelakabe: index ea oksijene e phahame ho feta 28% kapa ho feta, mosi o fokolang oa mosi ≤60%, le lebelo le tlaase la ho hasana ha lelakabe.Ke thepa e ntle haholo bakeng sa likoloi, literene le thepa ea ka tlung ho etsa li-cushion tsa setulo
l Low unsaturation polyether polyol: Kaha e sebelisa double cyanide metal complex (DMC) e le catalyst, content ea unsaturated double bonds ka polyether synthesized e ka tlase ho 0.010mol / mg, ke ho re, e na le monool Motsoako o tlaase, ke hore, bohloeki bo phahameng, bo lebisa tlhokomelong e ntle le compression set thepa ea HR foam synthesized e thehiloeng ho eona, hammoho le matla a ho tabola le ntlha ea indentation.Maqhubu a sa tsoa hlahisoa a tlase a resonance, 6Hz low transmission rate cushion foam e ntle haholo.
l Hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol, polyol ena e sa tsoa sebelisoa lihlahisoa tsa PU foam linaheng tse ling ho ntlafatsa haholo thepa ea 'mele ea foam, haholo-holo ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo, mongobo le mocheso oa ho hanyetsa mocheso le mathata a mang ka lilemo tse ngata, e le hore setulo sa koloi sa setulo sa koloi. joalo-joalo li sebelisoa libakeng tsa tropike tsa Afrika. .
l Polyether polyols tse nang le ethylene oxide e ngata, hangata li-polyether polyols tse sebetsang hantle, e le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-polyethers, eketsa 15 ~ 20% EO ho fihlela qetellong nakong ea ho kopanya.Li-polyether tse ka holimo li na le litaba tsa EO ho fihlela ho 80%, PO content Ho fapana le hoo, e ka tlaase ho 40%.Ke senotlolo sa nts'etsopele ea liforomo tsohle tsa MDI tsa PU, tse lokelang ho eloa hloko ke batho ba indasteri.
l Polyether polyols tse nang le ts'ebetso ea ho thusa: haholo-holo hlahisa lihlopha tsa amine tsa thuto e phahameng tse nang le thepa ea matla kapa li-ion tsa tšepe ka har'a sebopeho sa polyether.Sepheo ke ho fokotsa bongata ba lintho tse susumetsang tsamaiso ea ho foka, ho fokotsa boleng ba VOC le ho fokotsa atomo ea lihlahisoa tsa foam.
l Polyether ea polyether e felisitsoeng e na le ts'ebetso e kholo ka ho fetisisa, nako e khuts'oane ea karabelo, ho potlakisa ho potlakisa, le matla a sehlahisoa a ntlafalitsoeng haholo (haholo-holo matla a pele), ho lokolloa ha hlobo, ho hanyetsa mocheso le ho hanyetsa solvent., mocheso oa mohaho oa fokotseha, sebaka se atolosoa, 'me ke mefuta e mecha e tšepisang.
polyester polyol
Li-polyester tsa pele tsa polyester kaofela li bua ka polyester polyester e thehiloeng ho adipic acid, 'me 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa ke foam e nyenyane ea microcellular, e sebelisoang litulong tsa lieta.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho hlahile mefuta e mecha ka ho latellana, ho atolosa tšebeliso ea polyester polyols ho PUF.
l Aromatic dicarboxylic acid-modified adipic acid-based polyester polyol: haholo-holo synthesizing polyester polyol ka ho fetola karolo ea adipic acid ka phthalic acid kapa terephthalic acid, e ka ntlafatsang matla a pele a sehlahisoa le ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa mongobo le ho thatafala, ha ho ntse ho fokotsa litšenyehelo. .
l Polycarbonate polyol: Mofuta ona oa sehlahisoa o ka ntlafatsa haholo ho hanyetsa hydrolysis, ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo, ho hanyetsa mocheso le ho thatafala ha lihlahisoa tsa foam, 'me ke mefuta e mengata e tšepisang.
l Poly ε-caprolactone polyol: Foam ea PU e entsoeng ho eona e na le khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso, ho hanyetsa hydrolysis le ho hanyetsa abrasion, 'me lihlahisoa tse ling tse sebetsang hantle li tlameha ho etsoa ka eona.
l Polyester polyester e nkhang hamonate: E entsoe ka tšebeliso e felletseng ea lihlahisoa tsa litšila qalong, 'me e sebelisoa haholo ho foam e thata ea PU.Hona joale e atoloselitsoe ho PU soft foam, eo hape e lokelang ho hlokomeloa
Tse ling Motsoako ofe kapa ofe o nang le haedrojene e sebetsang o ka sebelisoa ho PUF.Ho latela liphetoho tsa mebaraka le litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa mahaeng ka botlalo le ho kopanya foam e bonolo ea PU e senyehang.
l Li-polyols tse thehiloeng ho oli ea Castor: Lihlahisoa tsena li kile tsa sebelisoa ho PUF pejana, 'me boholo ba tsona li entsoe ka oli ea castor e sa fetoloang ho etsa foam e thata-thata.Ke fana ka maikutlo a ho sebelisa theknoloji ea transesterification, 'me lino tse fapa-fapaneng tse phahameng tsa limolek'hule li kenngoa ka oli ea castor ho kopanya litlhaloso tse sa tšoaneng.
Li-Derivatives, li ka etsoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ea PUF e bonolo le e thata.
l Li-polyols tsa oli ea meroho: Haufinyane tjena li anngoe ke litheko tsa oli, lihlahisoa tse joalo li tsoetse pele ka potlako.Hona joale, boholo ba lihlahisoa tse entsoeng indastering ke lihlahisoa tsa oli ea soya le oli ea palema, 'me oli ea k'hothone kapa oli ea liphoofolo e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ngata, tse ka sebelisoang ka botlalo, tsa fokotsa litšenyehelo,' me li ka senyeha le ho boloka tikoloho. .
polyisocyanate
Mefuta e 'meli ea li-isocyanate, TDI le MDI, e atisa ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa foam ea polyurethane e feto-fetohang,' me mefuta e nyalisitsoeng ea TDI / MDI e sebelisoang haholo letotong la HR.Ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, indasteri ea likoloi e na le litlhoko tse tlase haholo bakeng sa boleng ba VOC ba lihlahisoa tsa foam.Ka hona, lihlahisoa tse fetotsoeng tsa MDI, MDI e tala le MDI li sebelisitsoe haholo ho foam e bonolo ea PU joalo ka lihlahisoa tsa mantlha tsa PU.
motsoako oa polyol
Liquefied MDI
4,4'-MDI e hloekileng e tiile mocheso oa kamore.Ho thoeng ke liquefied MDI e bua ka MDI e fetotsoeng ka mekhoa e fapaneng mme e le mokelikeli mochesong oa kamore.Ts'ebetso ea liquefied MDI e ka sebelisoa ho utloisisa hore na ke ea sehlopha sefe sa MDI.
l MDI e fetotsoeng urethane e nang le ts'ebetso ea 2.0;
l MDI e fetotsoeng ka Carbodiimide e nang le ts'ebetso ea 2.0;
l MDI e fetotsoeng ka diazetacyclobutanone imine, tshebetso ke 2.2;
l MDI e fetotsoe ka urethane le diazetidinimine ka ts'ebetso ea 2.1.
Bongata ba lihlahisoa tsena li sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse bōpiloeng tse kang HR, RIM, foams ea ho itšeha, le li-micro-foam tse kang lieta tsa lieta.
MDI-50
Ke motsoako oa 4,4'-MDI le 2,4'-MDI.Kaha mocheso oa 2,4'-MDI o tlase ho feta mocheso oa kamore, hoo e ka bang 15 ° C, MDI-50 ke mokelikeli o bolokiloeng mocheso oa kamore 'me o bonolo ho o sebelisa.Ela hloko phello e thibelang steric ea 2,4'-MDI, e sa sebetseng ho feta 'mele oa 4,4' 'me e ka fetoloa ke mokelikeli.
MDI e mahoashe kapa PAPI
Ts'ebetso ea eona e pakeng tsa 2.5 le 2.8, 'me hangata e sebelisoa ho foams e thata.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka lebaka la lintlha tsa theko, e boetse e sebelisoa 'marakeng o bonolo oa foam, empa hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e phahameng, hoa hlokahala ho fokotsa palo ea li-cross-link ho moralo oa foromo.Moemeli o kopaneng, kapa eketsa polasetiki ea kahare.
Motlatsi
catalyst
Sehlahisoa se na le phello e kholo ho foam ea polyurethane, 'me ka eona, tlhahiso e potlakileng mocheso oa kamore e ka finyelloa.Ho na le mekhahlelo e 'meli e meholo ea li-catalysts: li-amine tse phahameng le li-catalysts tsa tšepe, tse kang triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, methylimidazole, A-1, joalo-joalo, kaofela ke tsa tertiary amine catalysts, ha stannous octoate, diethylene diamine diamine, joalo-joalo Dibutyl potassium diamine, joalo-joalo. , potassium octoate, organic bismuth, joalo-joalo ke lisebelisoa tsa tšepe.Hajoale, ho entsoe li-catalyst tse fapaneng tsa mofuta o liehang ho feta, oa mofuta oa trimerization, oa mofuta o rarahaneng le o tlase oa VOC, oo hape o ipapisitseng le mefuta e kaholimo ea li-catalyst.
Mohlala, letoto la Dabco la lihlahisoa tsa khase, thepa ea mantlha e tala ke triethylenediamine:
l Dabco33LV e na le 33% triethylenediamine/67% dipropylene glycol
l Dabco R8020 Triethylenediamine e na le 20%/DMEA80%
l Dabco S25 triethylenediamine e na le 25%/butanediol 75%
l Dabco8154 triethylenediamine / acid e liehang ho thusa
l Dabco EG Triethylenediamine e na le 33%/ Ethylene Glycol 67%
l Dabco TMR letoto trimerization
l Dabco 8264 Compound Bubbles, Balanced Catalysts
l Dabco XDM e fokolang monko o monate
Tlas'a boemo ba li-catalysts tse ngata, re tlameha ho qala ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa li-catalyst tse sa tšoaneng le melao-motheo ea bona ea ho sebetsa ho fumana ho leka-lekana ha tsamaiso ea polyurethane, ke hore, ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa lebelo la foaming le lebelo la gelation;ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa lebelo la gelation le sekhahla sa ho foaming, le lebelo le phophomang le ho leka-lekana ha metsi, joalo-joalo.
Li-catalyst tsa tšepe kaofela ke li-catalyst tsa mofuta oa li-gel.Li-catalyst tse tloaelehileng tsa mofuta oa tin li na le phello e matla ea li-gel, empa mefokolo ea tsona ke hore ha li hanyetsane le hydrolysis mme ha li na matla a ho tsofala a mocheso.Ho hlaha ha morao tjena ha li-catalyst tsa organic bismuth ho lokela ho hohela tlhokomelo.Ha e na ts'ebetso ea tin catalyst feela, empa hape e na le khanyetso e ntle ea hydrolysis le ho hanyetsa botsofali ba mocheso, e leng se loketseng haholo bakeng sa ho kopanya lisebelisoa.
foam stabilizer
E bapala karolo ea emulsifying thepa ea foam, ho tsitsisa foam le ho lokisa sele, le ho eketsa solubility e kopanetsoeng ea karolo ka 'ngoe, e thusang bakeng sa ho thehoa ha li-bubble, ho laola boholo le ho tšoana ha sele, le ho khothalletsa ho leka-lekana ha lisele. tsitsipano ea foam.Mabota a rekere ho boloka lisele le ho thibela ho putlama.Leha palo ea foam stabilizer e nyane, e na le tšusumetso e kholo sebopehong sa sele, thepa ea 'mele le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PU flexible foam.
Hona joale, li-oligomers tse thibelang hydrolysis-resiscan/polyoxyalkylene ether block li sebelisoa Chaena.Ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea foam, karo-karolelano ea karolo ea hydrophobic / hydrophilic segment e fapane, 'me phetoho ea ketane ea ketane qetellong ea mohaho oa thibela e fapane., ho hlahisa li-silicon stabilizers bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa foam.Ka hona, ha u khetha foam stabilizer, u tlameha ho utloisisa mosebetsi le ts'ebetso ea eona, u se ke ua e lebala, u se ke ua e sebelisa ka mokhoa o sa tsotelleng, 'me u bake liphello tse mpe.Ka mohlala, oli e bonolo ea silicone e ke ke ea tšeloa foam e matla haholo, ho seng joalo e tla etsa hore foam e fokotsehe, ’me oli ea silicone e khonang ho sebetsa ka thata e ke ke ea tšeloa ho thibela lekoeba le bonolo, ho seng joalo le tla etsa hore lekoebe le putlame.
Ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, indasteri ea likoloi le thepa ea ka tlung e hloka lihlahisoa tse nang le atomization e tlase le boleng bo tlase ba VOC.Likhamphani tse fapaneng li thehile ka ho latellana li-stabilizer tse tlase tsa atomization le li-foam tse tlase tsa VOC, joalo ka Dabco DC6070 e phatlalalitsoeng ke Gas Products Company, e leng oli e tlase ea silicone ea atomization bakeng sa sistimi ea TDI.;Dabco DC2525 ke oli ea silicone e nang le moholi o tlase bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa MDI.
ntho e phophomang makweba
Mokelikeli o phophomang bakeng sa foam e bonolo ea PU ke haholo-holo metsi, a tlatselletsoang ke lisebelisoa tse ling tsa 'mele.Ha ho etsoa foam ea li-block, ho nahanoa ka bongata ba metsi ka lihlahisoa tse fokolang haholo, hangata ho feta likarolo tse 4.5 ka likarolo tse 100 ho tla etsa hore mocheso o ka hare oa foam o phahame, o fetang 170 ~ 180 ° C, o fella ka ho tuka ho sa feleng ha mocheso. foam, le sesebelisoa se belang sa hydrocarbon foaming se tlameha ho sebelisoa.E 'ngoe e thusa ho fokotsa boima ba' mele, 'me e' ngoe e tlosa mocheso o mongata oa ho arabela.Matsatsing a pele, motsoako oa metsi / F11 o ne o sebelisoa.Ka lebaka la litaba tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, F11 e ile ea thibeloa.Hajoale, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa phetoho ea metsi / dichloromethane le letoto la metsi / HCFC-141b li sebelisoa.Hobane lihlahisoa tsa letoto la dichloromethane le tsona li silafatsa sepakapaka, ke tlhaho ea nakoana, athe lihlahisoa tsa HFC: HFC-245fa, -356mfc, joalo-joalo kapa lihlahisoa tsa li-cyclopentane kaofela li na le tikoloho, empa tsa pele li theko e boima 'me tsa morao-rao li ka cha, kahoo E le ho finyella litlhoko tsa ho fokotsa tekanyo ea mocheso, batho ba hlahisitse mekhoa e mecha, theknoloji e mpe ea ho foaming, theknoloji ea ho pholisa e qobelloang le theknoloji ea CO2 ea metsi ho rarolla bothata, sepheo ke ho fokotsa metsi kapa ho fokotsa mocheso o ka hare. oa foam.
Ke khothaletsa theknoloji ea CO2 ea metsi bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-block bubbles, tse loketseng haholoanyane likhoebong tse nyane le tse mahareng.Ka theknoloji ea LCO2, likarolo tse 4 tsa LCO2 li lekana le likarolo tse 13 tsa MC.Kamano e teng lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea metsi le mokelikeli oa CO2 o sebelisetsoang ho hlahisa mafome a mefuta e fapaneng ea density Boima ba foam, lik'hilograma / m3 metsi, likarolo ka boima ba LCO2, likarolo ka boima bo lekanang le MC, likarolo ka boima.
13.34.86.520.0
15.24.55.015.3
16.04.54.012.3
17.33.94.313.1
27.72.52.06.2
e thibelang lelakabe
Ho thibela lelakabe le ho thibela mollo ke taba ea batho ka linako tsohle.naha ea heso e sa tsoa lokolloa "Litlhoko le Maemo a Ts'ebetso ea ho Chesa ha Lihlahisoa tse Retang Lelakabe le Likarolo Libakeng Tsa Sechaba" GB20286-2006 e na le litlhoko tse ncha bakeng sa ho lieha ha lelakabe.Bakeng sa lelakabe retardant grade 1 Litlhoko tsa Plastiki: a), tlhōrō ea mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso ≤ 250KW/m2;b), karolelano ea nako ea ho chesa ≤ 30s, bolelele ba ho chesa ka karolelano ≤ 250mm;c), sekhahla sa sekhahla sa mosi (SDR) ≤ 75;d), boemo ba chefo ea mosi Ha bo ka tlase ho boemo ba 2A2
Ke ho re: lintlha tse tharo li lokela ho nkoa: ho thibela mollo, mosi o tlaase, le chefo e tlaase ea mosi.E le ho beha litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa khetho ea li-flame retardants, ho ea ka litekanyetso tse ka holimo, ke lumela hore ho molemo ho khetha mefuta e sa tšoaneng e ka etsang lesela le teteaneng la carbon le ho lokolla mosi o se nang chefo kapa o tlaase.Hajoale, ho loketse haholo ho sebelisa li-fosfate ester-based high molecular weight retardants, kapa halogen-free monko o monate oa li-hydrocarbon tse nang le mefuta e mengata ea mocheso oa mocheso oa heterocyclic, joalo-joalo Lilemong tsa morao tjena, linaha tsa linaheng tse ling li ntlafalitse graphite flame retardant PU flexible foam. kapa nitrogen heterocyclic flame retardant Sethethefatsi se nepahetse.
tse ding
Li-additives tse ling haholo-holo li kenyelletsa: li-pore openers, li-cross-linking agents, li-antioxidants, li-anti-fogging agents, joalo-joalo Ha u khetha, tšusumetso ea li-additives mosebetsing oa lihlahisoa tsa PU li lokela ho nkoa, hammoho le chefo ea eona, ho falla, ho lumellana, joalo-joalo. .potso.
5 lihlahisoa
E le ho utloisisa haholoanyane kamano pakeng tsa foromo le ts'ebetso ea PU e bonolo ea foam, mehlala e mengata ea baemeli e hlahisoa bakeng sa ho buuoa:
1. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng le thepa ea block polyether PU foam e bonolo
Polyether triol 100pbw TDI80/20 46.0pbw Organotin catalyst 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst 0.2pbw Silicon foam stabilizer 1.0pbw Metsi 3.6pbw Moemeli oa Co-foaming 0 ~ 12pbm 2 matla a Foam4. 3 Elongation, % 220 Matla a tabolang, N/m 385 Compression set, 50% 6 90% 6 Cavitation load, kg (38cm×35.6cm×10cm) Deformation 25% 13.6 65% 25.6 Falling ball rebound,% 38 Lilemong tsa morao tjena, e le ho kopana le litlhoko tsa 'maraka, likhoebo tse ling hangata li hlahisa foam e boima bo tlase (10kg/m3).Ha ho etsoa foam e tenyetsehang e tlase haholo, ha se feela ho eketsa mokelikeli o phophomang le ntho e thusang ea ho foamisa.Se ka etsoang se tlameha ho tsamaellana le surfactant ea silicon e nang le botsitso bo phahameng haholo le sesebelisoa.
Tlhahiso ea foromo ea litšupiso tsa foam ea "low-density low-low-low-density flexible foam": reha lebitso la "medium-density low-density low-density ultra-low density"
Lebokose le tsoelang pele lebokose la lebokose la polyether polyol 100100100100100 Metsi 3.03.04.55.56.6 A-33 catalyst 0.20.20.20.250.18 Silicon surfactant B-81101.01.30008. 60.40 Moemeli 7.57.512.515.034.0 TDI80/2041.444.056.073 .0103.0 Density, kg/m3 23.023.016.514.08.0
Cylindrical foam formula: EO/PO mofuta oa polyether polyol (OH:56) 100pbw Metsi 6.43pbw MC foaming agent 52.5pbw Silicon surfactant L-628 6.50pbw Catalyst A230 0.44pbw8 D10p90 Doctos 8 Doctos 9 Doctos 9 T100000000000000000000000. Sage 139pbw Foam density, kg/m3 7.5
2. Mokelikeli CO2 co-foaming moemeli ho etsa foam e tlaase-tlaase
Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100 100 Metsi 4.9 5.2 Mokelikeli CO2 2.5 3.3 Silicone surfactant L631 1.5 1.75 B8404 Amine catalyst A133 0.28 0.30 Stannous14 Flat 14 04 DIFDA 0.30 Stannous octome 14 04 DIFDA 80/20 Foam density , kg/m3 16 16
Foromo e tloaelehileng ke e latelang: Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100pbw Metsi 4.0pbw LCO2 4.0 ~ 5.5pbw Catalyst A33 0.25pbw Silicon surfactant SC155 1.35pbw Stannous octoate D0p1 kg1 0 0 0 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 pbw silicon surfactant SC155 14.0 ~ 16.5
3. Full MDI low density polyurethane foam bonolo
Foam e bopehileng ea PU e sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa li-cushions tsa litulo tsa koloi.Phokotso ea letsoalo ntle le ho ama thepa ea 'mele ke sepheo sa nts'etsopele
Foromo: Polyether e phahameng ea ts'ebetso (OH: 26 ~ 30mgKOH / g) 80pbw Polymer polymer (OH: 23 ~ 27mgKOH / g) 20pbw Crosslinking agent 0 ~ 3pbw Metsi 4.0pbw Amine catalyst A-33 2.8pbw oli ea 2.8pbw 1 ts'ebetso ea silicone B8 mosebetsi oa 0. pbw MDI index 90pbw Tshebetso: Foam center density 34.5kg/m3 Hardness ILD25% 15.0kg / 314cm2 Matla a ho tabola 0.8kg/cm Matla a thata 1.34kg/cm2 Elongation 120% Rebound rate 62% Permanent compression set.0 13.5%
4. Boima bo tlase, mosamo o felletseng oa setulo sa koloi sa MDI se amohelang tikoloho
Homologue ea MDI e hloekileng: M50-ke hore, sehlahisoa sa 4,4'MDI 50% 2,4'MDI 50%, e ka foamed mocheso oa kamore, ho ntlafatsa metsi, ho fokotsa lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa, le ho fokotsa boima ba koloi, e leng e tshepisang haholo.Sehlahisoa:
Sebopeho: Polyether polyol e phahameng e sebetsang (OH: 28mgKOH/g) 95pbw 310 Auxiliary* 5pbw Dabco 33LV 0.3pbw Dabco 8154 0.7pbw Silicon surfactant B4113 0.6pbw 310 Auxiliary* 5pbw Dabco 33LV 0.3pbw Dabco 8154 0.7pbw Silicon surfactant B4113 0.6pbw 310 Auxiliary 8
Thepa ea 'mele: Nako ea ho taka (s) 62 Nako ea ho phahama (s) 98 Foam density mahala, kg/m3 32.7 Ho kheloha ha boima ba khatello, kpa: 40% 1.5 Elongation, % 180 Matla a ho tabola, N/m 220
Tlhokomeliso: *310 Auxiliary: Kea e rekisa, ke "chain extender".
5. Boiketlo bo phahameng, ho phutholoha ho palama PU foam
Haufinyane tjena, 'maraka o ne o batla hore thepa ea' mele ea li-cushions tsa setulo sa foam e lule e sa fetohe, empa batho ba ne ba ke ke ba khathala le bokuli ba ho tsamaea ka litulo tsa boemo bo holimo ka mor'a ho khanna nako e telele.Ka mor'a lipatlisiso, litho tsa ka hare tsa 'mele oa motho, haholo-holo mpa, li na le makhetlo a 6Hz.Haeba resonance e etsahala, e tla baka ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa
Ka kakaretso, phetiso ea ho sisinyeha ea foam e matla haholo ho 6Hz ke 1.1 ~ 1.3, ke hore, ha koloi e ntse e sebetsa, ha e fokotsehe empa e ea eketseha, 'me lihlahisoa tse ling tsa foromo li ka fokotsa ho sisinyeha ho 0.8~0.9.Ho khothaletsoa tlhahiso ea sehlahisoa, 'me phetisetso ea eona ea 6Hz e maemong a 0.5 ~ 0.55.
Tlhahiso: Polyether polyol e phahameng ea tšebetso (Mn6000) 100pbw Silicon surfactant SRX-274C 1.0pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico L-1020 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico TMDA 0.15 TMDA 0.3pocy6wp9 Waters %) INDEX 100
Thepa ea 'mele: Boima ka kakaretso, kg/m3 48.0 25%ILD, kg/314cm2 19.9 Rebound,% 74 50% compression
Shrinkage Strength, (Dry) 1.9 (Metsi) 2.5 6Hz Vibration Transmittance 0.55
6. Butle-butle kapa foam ea viscoelastic
Seo ho thoeng ke foam ea butle-butle ea PU e bua ka foam e sa khutlisetsoeng sebopehong sa eona sa pele hang ka mor'a hore foam e holofatsoe ke matla a kantle, empa butle-butle e tsosolosoa ntle le ho senyeha ha sebaka se setseng.E na le cushioning e ntle haholo, e thibelang molumo, ho tiisa le lisebelisoa tse ling.E ka sebelisoa ho laola lerata la lienjineri tsa likoloi, ho tšehetsa k'hapete, lintho tsa ho bapala tsa bana le mesamo ea bongaka.
Mohlala oa mokhoa: Polyether e phahameng ea mosebetsi (OH34) 40 ~ 60pbw Polymer polyether (OH28) 60 ~ 40 pbw Cross-adhesive ZY-108 * 80 ~ 100 pbw L-580 1.5 pbw Catalyst 1.8 ~ 2.5 pbw I-2 Watercy2 p.6 index. * 1.05 pbw Hlokomela: *ZY-108, motsoako oa multifunctional low molecular weight polyether ** PM-200, motsoako oa liquefied MDI-100, ka bobeli ke lihlahisoa tsa Wanhua Properties: Foam density, kg/ m3 150 ~ 165 Hardness, Shore A 18~15 matla a ho tabola, kN/m 0.87~0.76 Elongation, % 90~130 Rebound rate, % 9~7 Nako ea ho hlaphoheloa, metsotsoana 7~10
7. Polyether mofuta o intša letlalo microcellular foam manganga ho flex mokhathala makhetlo a limilione
Foam e ka sebelisoa ho PU soles le mabili a tsamaisang
Mohlala: DaltocelF-435 31.64 pbw Arcol34-28 10.0 pbw DaltocelF-481 44.72 pbw Arcol2580 3.0 pbw 乙二醇6.0 pbw 催1Dab8 p0wb3 027 0.3 pbw 硅表面活性剂DC-193 0.3 pbw L1 412T 1.5 pbw Metsi 0.44 pbw Modified MDI Suprasec2433 71 pbw
Thepa ea 'mele: Bophahamo ba foam: hoo e ka bang 0.5g∕cm3 β-belt, KCS 35～50, e ntle haholo.
8. Lelakabe la mollo, mosi o tlaase, foam e phahameng ea ho mamella
Ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea moruo oa naha, mafapha a fapa-fapaneng a na le litlhoko tse phahameng le tse phahameng bakeng sa ho lieha ha lelakabe la lihlahisoa tsa foam, haholo-holo lifofane, likoloi, likoloi tsa baeti tse lebelo le phahameng, le li-sofa tsa malapa, joalo-joalo Nontoxic.
Ka lebaka la boemo bo ka holimo, mongoli le basebetsi-'moho ba thehile lelakabe la retardant (oxygen index 28 ~ 30%), e nang le mosi o fokolang haholo (boleng ba machaba ke 74, 'me sehlahisoa sena se ka bang 50 feela),' foam rebound e lula e sa fetohe.E hlahisa mosi o mosoeu
Mohlala oa foromo: YB-3081 flame retardant polyether 50 pbw High activity polyether (OH34) 50 pbw Silicone surfactant B 8681 0.8 ~ 1.0 pbw Metsi 2.4~2.6 pbw DEOA 1.5~3 pbw Catalyst 1.5 isoso ea 1 jj.
Lintho tsa 'mele: Foam density, kg/m3 ≥50 Compressive strength, kPa 5.5 Tensile matla, kPa 124 Rebound rate, % ≥60 Compression deformation, 75% ≤8 Oxygen index, OI% ≥ 28 Smoke density ≤50
9. Metsi ke mokelikeli o phophomang, bohle ba nang le letlalo le nang le letlalo ba nang le foam
HCFC-141b e tsoang ho foaming e thibetsoe ka botlalo linaheng tse ling.CP foaming agent e ka cha.HFC-245fa le HFC-365mfc tse hlahisang maeba li turu ebile ha li amohelehe.Lefulo la letlalo.Nakong e fetileng, basebetsi ba PU lapeng le kantle ho naha ba ne ba ela hloko feela ho fetoloa ha polyether le isocyanate, kahoo bokaholimo ba foam bo ne bo sa hlaka, 'me letsoalo le ne le phahame.
Hona joale ho khothaletsoa sehlopha sa liforomo, tse khetholloang ka:
l Polyether polyol ea mantlha e lula e sa fetohe, 'me ho sebelisoa Mn5000 kapa 6000 e tloaelehileng.·
l The isocyanate e lula e sa fetohe, C-MDI, PAPI kapa MDI e fetotsoeng e ka sebelisoa.
l Sebelisa tlatsetso e khethehileng SH-140 ho rarolla bothata.·
Foromo ea mantlha:
l Mosebetsi o phahameng oa polyether triol Mn5000 65pbw
l SH-140* 35pbw
l Chain extender: 1,4-butanediol 5pbw
l Moemeli oa ho hokahanya: glycerol 1.7pbw
l Moemeli oa ho bula: K-6530 0.2 ~ 0.5pbw
l Catalyst A-2 1.2 ~ 1.3pbw
l Mebala peista palo e loketseng l Metsi 0.5pbw
l MR-200 45pbw
Tlhokomeliso: *SH-140 ke sehlahisoa sa rona
Thepa ea 'mele: boima bo akaretsang ba foam ke 340 ~ 350kg/m3
Lihlahisoa: bokaholimo bo boreleli, bokaholimo bo hlakileng, boima bo tlase.
Nako ea poso: Aug-12-2022